The average surface temperature of earth is maintained by a balance of various forms of solar and terrestrial radiation. Humancaused increases in greenhouse gases have been the major influencing factor on global climate change over the past 140 years. Climate change has increased the risk to workers health and safety. But expert analysts across the world found that wholesale adjustments had been made to the figures in the main surface temperature records, giving an impression that the global. The first edition of the encyclopedia of global warming and climate change provided a multiauthored, academic, yet. Global warming is a longterm increase in earths average surface temperature. Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the socalled greenhouse effect, a warming of earths surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and other greenhouse gases. This reached a new peak in 20 with the publication of the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc. Small islands are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change, second edition 9781412992619. Impacts of climate change on workers health and safety. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change s. The first edition of the encyclopedia of global warming and climate change provided a multiauthored, academic yet nontechnical resource. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change in. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change 3 volume set 2008 best reference, library journal the impact of global warming. Climate change is the longterm change in global weather patterns, associated especially with increases in temperature, precipitation, and storm activity benson, 2008. The encyclopedia of global warming and climate change is a collection of approximately 750 articles in a threevolume set, presented in an a to z alphabetical format, exploring major topics related to global warming and climate change. Climate change online lab earths vital signs teacher guide lesson overview. Policy focus on global climate change has significantly increased in the past decade with greater confidence in our ability to estimate the projected effects of climate change. Global warming and global climate change have led to an increase in the temperature in the area. Global warming and climate change, causes, impacts and mitigation article pdf available september 2015 with 51,801 reads how we measure reads. Global warming, the phenomenon of rising average air temperatures near earths surface over the past 100 to 200 years. Climates are shaped by a global machinery of ocean currents, winds, forests, ice caps, mountain ranges, bacteria, planetary orbital motions, and many other factors.
The first edition of the encyclopedia of global warming and climate change provided a multiauthored, academic yet nontechnical resource for students and teachers to understand the importance of global warming, to appreciate the effects of human activity and greenhouse gases around the world, and to learn the history of climate change and the research enterprise examining it. Recent climate change would still cause a 6 meters 20 ft. In polar regions, the warming global temperatures associated with climate change. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change edited by s. The encyclopedia of global warming and climate change helps readers learn about the astonishingly intricate processes that make ours the. Observed changes and effects warming of climate warming of the climate is definitely occurring and can be observed by the. Discovery of global warming files formatted for printing pdf. Natural sources of atmospheric co2 include outgassing from volcanoes, the. Most scientists working on climate physics agree that storminess will decrease in a warmer world. Earths temperature and climate have fluctuated over the course of. China and india are particular bad contributors to global warming. Some argue that the recent global warming is due to natural fluctuations and not to human.
Pdf encyclopedia of global warming and climate change. Project oecd climate change documents western regional climate center. The encyclopedia of global warming and climate change helps readers learn about the astonishingly intricate processes that make ours the only planet known to. For example, heat waves are becoming more frequent, cold snaps are now. In 2014 the ipcc reported that concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane. See especially global warming information on the world wide web pdf. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change, second. Increases in global sea and air temperatures widespread melting of snow and ice rising global sea level temperature change. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, nsikak benson and others published global warming find, read and cite all the. The first edition of the encyclopedia of global warming and climate change provided a multiauthored, academic yet nontechnical resource for students and teachers to understand the importance of global warming, to appreciate the effects of human activity and greenhouse gases around the world, and to learn the history of climate change. Climate change is the defining issue of our time and we are at a defining moment. Climate change has also been connected with other damaging weather events such as more frequent and more intense hurricanes, floods, downpours, and winter storms. A critical and perhaps the dominant global environmental problem in the last three decades is global warming, resulting from global climate change scholz and hasse, 2008. Whether the cause is natural or humandriven, global warming is a serious issue that everyone should be aware of.
Global warming global warming causes of global warming. Temperature, winds, heat waves and cold snaps, rainfall, when seasons begin and end, and other weather patterns and events are all aspects of climate. Climate change is a direct consequence of the continued increase in the atmospheric co2 mainly resulting from the anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuel. In reading this chapter, it needs to be borne in mind. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change 3. Climate change, the periodic modification of earths climate caused by changes in the atmosphere and interactions between the atmosphere and various other geologic, chemical, biological, and geographic factors. Department of agriculture research, education and economics office of the chief scientist july 24, 2012 there is considerable sciencebased evidence that the global climate. In addition to changes in air temperature, climate change involves changes to precipitation patterns, winds, ocean currents, and other measures of earths climate. Implications for business the department of defense recognizes the reality of climate change and the significant risk it poses to u. Links to greenhouse gas emissions inventories in pdf format, and a full page of. The climate change agenda has risen substantially in global and national importance and the topic has thus been given a dedicated chapter in this 2.
The national security strategy, issued in february 2015, is clear that climate change. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change contents about. Global warming is related to the more general phenomenon of climate change, which refers to changes in the totality of attributes that define climate. Even the title of the work, encyclopedia of global warming and climate change, was carefully considered to include paleoclimatology in the discussion of weather, climate, and the current debate about global warming. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change book summary. Summary history of climate change science history in hypertext basic data the modern temperature trend. Earths climate has changed over various timescales since the dawn of geologic time, and the force of human activities since the industrial revolution has been woven into the fabric of climate change. All kinds of factors influence it, from massive events. Epidemiologists have noted that more lives will be saved from reduced cold than will be lost to increased warmth. Most small islands, inhabited and uninhabited, are found in the pacific. This report provides the scientific certainty that humans are the main cause of climate change. The climate change may also initiate positive feedback in which the initial impact is further enhanced by its own effects, for example if melting ice reduces the reflective properties of white surfaces the albedo effect or if melting tundra releases frozen methane, leading to further warming.
Solar activity it is widely recognized that variations in solar radiation and activities, such as solar flares or sunspots, if large enough, could have an impact on the global. Students will use nasas global climate change website to research five of the key indicators vital signs of earths climate. A guide for the perplexed 16 may 2007 news service michael le page our planets climate is anything but simple. A regions climate tells how hot or cold, wet or dry, windy or still, and cloudy or sunny it generally is. Most scientists working on hurricanes agree that katrina cannot be attributed to global warming. Of the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide co2 is the most significant. This valuable resource provides an excellent historical overview and framework of this topic and serves as a general resource for geography, oceanography, biology, climatology, history, and many other subjects. Oecd climate change document s o ce of naval researc h. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of.
It is a major aspect of climate change which, in addition to rising global. The scientific understanding of climate change is now sufficiently clear to justify nations taking prompt action. Global warming is the ongoing rise of the average temperature of the earths climate system and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming. Global warming causes of global warming britannica. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change 3 volume set book title. Climate is the weather experienced by a given location, averaged over several decades. Global climate change global warming greenhouse effect. Because global warming does not cause uniform warming in all locations and because many other changes in climate are occurring, scientists often prefer to speak of global climate change rather than of global warming.
Science tracer bullets research guides from the library of congress, science reference services. For example, the paleoceneeocene thermal maximum petm involved an initial increase. Global warming carbon dioxide encyclopedia britannica. Although large changes in climate are a natural part of earth history, there is little doubt that human activities have caused observed patterns of global warming in the twentieth and twentyfirst centuries. Pdf global warming and climate change, causes, impacts.
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